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Post by c64 on Apr 15, 2018 18:40:14 GMT
The "civilian" THW just had their snorkels and home made S-shaped extensions for the exhaust pipe in case the engine stalls. my understanding is the M-1 Abrams tank has a fitting to screw an extension tube into the commander's hatch and seal up the rest of the tank to drive it under water. Those Magirus Deutz trucks were not meant to be submerged. They were meant to go deeper than any truck but with a few simple mods the engine can be submerged. According to my dad there are three uncomfortable water levels: 1. You can't see open sewer lids any more and may hit one with a wheel 2. The water enters your boots 3. The seat soaks with water By the way, to circulate air, submersible tanks use their engine. The engine draws air from the passenger compartment so the passengers get fresh air from the hatch or snorkel. Submarines do this, too. Diesel subs draw air from the inside into the engines. When on the surface, a hatch is opened to allow fresh air be drawn through the entire sub. Obviously, nuclear subs are different but starting the diesel engine is part of the fire drill. The powerful diesel can remove smoke a lot faster than any electric ventilation system and it provides power in case the reactor fails due to the fire. Also the diesel engine burns toxic fumes so there is no risk in having them blown back by the wind or endangering nearby vessels. |
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Post by c64 on Apr 15, 2018 19:38:21 GMT
Back to topic:
I don't think someone has "invented" it. Whoever designed the fire hose connectors has set the specifications anybody must fulfill in order to make it work. The Romans used pipes already and had taps you could connect a hose to. Not used for fire fighting since they had very little pressure and no real pumps but not unlike a fire hydrant.
By the way, the "underground" hydrants have an advantage. You need a connecting pole in order to use it and you can't buy them. Anyone who needs lots of water can rent one with a built in meter. When returning the pole, you get charged for the water. Those things are used for construction sites but anyone, e.g. with a pool, can rent one.
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Post by c64 on Apr 15, 2018 20:07:09 GMT
When most people think of "Roman Pipes", they picture this:  But they also used metal pipes which look like pipes used until a few decades ago:  They used lead pipes. Modern lead pipes are made using a lead-press. The Romans used long sheets which were bent to form the wall of the pipe. But they didn't know how to weld or solder. They had bent the sheet into a U-shape and then hammered the ends on top of each other and folded them again to seal them. The result is not unlike how a fast food restaurant folds the top of the takeout paperbag.   And this is a valve. It is assembled out of 4 parts made out of cast bonce.  |
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Post by silverdragon on Apr 16, 2018 8:38:24 GMT
Flood water and how it affects me...
1, the road disappears, drive slowly, try to "guess" where the verges/pavement/ may be.
2, Axle height on car, try to avoid the stranded ones, if its above that on my own car, GTF outa there and get to higher ground.
3, Axle depth on the trucks I "used" to drive, bloody slow, pick where you are going to go first, if its downhill, dont.
And then try to avoid the flooded cars
4, car roof height, turn around and go home.
I have been party to some flood training in waterproofed 4X4 landrovers and the like, my weapon of choice for the day happened to be Toyota, but most people think Landrover.
You form a bow-wave and follow that through pushing gently... if it starts getting over the bonnet, you start to "feel" the front axle start to "float", slow down a bit?. you will need the grip.
This is extreme, I have yet to find a time when I needed that, because if it floods that heavy, I stay on the high ground and let other "fools" show their lack of sense?. I stay until those that know better get a rope around them and tow them out, or get a boat and rescue them.
Two or three years ago, we got a cloud burst overhead, and it flooded the road when I was collecting Kids from School... thinking, that must have been at least 4 yrs ago now when they were all at school?.. anyway, the road went about 6inch deep, the pavements [sidewalk] at the side of the road disappeared, I know them to be average 5 to 6 inch high on that road, so I am basing my guess on that.
I slow to crawling, and get passed by the fool who thinks its fun to splash everyone else.
We get to part of the road where local knowledge knows its a dip on one side that always floods when it rains... probably 8 to 10 inch of water or more at this time?. I change lanes with everyone else to avoid the deep bit...
Guess who was stranded in that part in a cloud of steam?.
I was looking at everyone else, who were slowing down, to point, laugh, and drive on... I guess no one with a rope was feeling charitable that day?.
He was driving an Audi... black, tinted windows, "Phatboy" exhaust, ....
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Post by silverdragon on Apr 16, 2018 8:46:16 GMT
Roman Plumbing, metal pipes, yes, and they used to make Clay pipes in the same way, flat piece of clay rolled up, sealed in cylinder sections, with narrow ends at one end and fatter at the other, so they slot into each other, about two foot long.
Much the same as the concrete and clay sewer type rain water underground pipes we use today, one end slots into the end of the next, just modern ones are improved.
The Romans invented a form of Concrete, use of that to make pre-formed pipes?. Not evident so far that I have seen in UK?
But as you say, unless it was a downhill stretch, no water pressure?.
So that raises the question, the Fire Hydrant, its only in the last two centuries we have had plumbed water to the inside of all houses, and the latter part where we have had pressurised water that could be used as a fire fighting supply, so the Fire Hydrant that uses pressurised water to the fire pumps, is a "recent" invention, as in MUST have been within that last two centuries or so?.
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Post by the light works on Apr 16, 2018 13:44:04 GMT
Roman Plumbing, metal pipes, yes, and they used to make Clay pipes in the same way, flat piece of clay rolled up, sealed in cylinder sections, with narrow ends at one end and fatter at the other, so they slot into each other, about two foot long. Much the same as the concrete and clay sewer type rain water underground pipes we use today, one end slots into the end of the next, just modern ones are improved. The Romans invented a form of Concrete, use of that to make pre-formed pipes?. Not evident so far that I have seen in UK? But as you say, unless it was a downhill stretch, no water pressure?. So that raises the question, the Fire Hydrant, its only in the last two centuries we have had plumbed water to the inside of all houses, and the latter part where we have had pressurised water that could be used as a fire fighting supply, so the Fire Hydrant that uses pressurised water to the fire pumps, is a "recent" invention, as in MUST have been within that last two centuries or so?. the romans actually knew how to make pressure sealed plumbing, because when they built a city on a hill, they plumbed from a lake on a higher hill to get water pushed up to the city. bonus bit: plumbing comes from plombium, which is the fancy term for lead. |
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Post by silverdragon on Apr 17, 2018 6:11:25 GMT
Roman Plumbing, metal pipes, yes, and they used to make Clay pipes in the same way, flat piece of clay rolled up, sealed in cylinder sections, with narrow ends at one end and fatter at the other, so they slot into each other, about two foot long. Much the same as the concrete and clay sewer type rain water underground pipes we use today, one end slots into the end of the next, just modern ones are improved. The Romans invented a form of Concrete, use of that to make pre-formed pipes?. Not evident so far that I have seen in UK? But as you say, unless it was a downhill stretch, no water pressure?. So that raises the question, the Fire Hydrant, its only in the last two centuries we have had plumbed water to the inside of all houses, and the latter part where we have had pressurised water that could be used as a fire fighting supply, so the Fire Hydrant that uses pressurised water to the fire pumps, is a "recent" invention, as in MUST have been within that last two centuries or so?. the romans actually knew how to make pressure sealed plumbing, because when they built a city on a hill, they plumbed from a lake on a higher hill to get water pushed up to the city. bonus bit: plumbing comes from plombium, which is the fancy term for lead. Bonus Bonus, Lead is plumbum in latin which is where the chemical symbol Pb comes from, [-atomic weight/number 82 if my memory is working this morning?.] and dangling a lead weight on a line to get a vertical straight line gave us the phrase plumb line and plumb straight. The Romans used plumb lines to survey their famously mostly straight roads, and buildings, a system of 4 lines in a cross shape to make 90degree turns, and its still about as accurate as you can get today. Plumbing for pipes also came from the Romans, as they used lead pipe, which was made better over time, which was still in use up to about a century ago, when they started to note Lead makes you daft if you pass too much water through it. (lead poisoning) Some old lead pipework still exists in older buildings. Mostly now for drain water. |
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Post by c64 on Apr 17, 2018 20:14:25 GMT
Roman Plumbing, metal pipes, yes, and they used to make Clay pipes in the same way, flat piece of clay rolled up, sealed in cylinder sections, with narrow ends at one end and fatter at the other, so they slot into each other, about two foot long. Much the same as the concrete and clay sewer type rain water underground pipes we use today, one end slots into the end of the next, just modern ones are improved. The Romans invented a form of Concrete, use of that to make pre-formed pipes?. Not evident so far that I have seen in UK? But as you say, unless it was a downhill stretch, no water pressure?. So that raises the question, the Fire Hydrant, its only in the last two centuries we have had plumbed water to the inside of all houses, and the latter part where we have had pressurised water that could be used as a fire fighting supply, so the Fire Hydrant that uses pressurised water to the fire pumps, is a "recent" invention, as in MUST have been within that last two centuries or so?. the romans actually knew how to make pressure sealed plumbing, because when they built a city on a hill, they plumbed from a lake on a higher hill to get water pushed up to the city. bonus bit: plumbing comes from plombium, which is the fancy term for lead. Yes, they had pressure in the pipes since no pressure, no flow. But not pressurized as we are used to nowadays. They usually had far less than 10 PSI. Just enough to have some flow. Filling a bucket required a long time - or a very big pipe gauge. Clay was not the material of choice for pipes. It cracks due to thermal expansion when too long. They did use burned clay for pipe branches or tap nozzles. They even used wood. But the main plumbing was cemented stone for the big main lines (aqueducts) or lead pipes for distribution. Lead poisoning was not a problem. Back then people didn't drink water since it usually made one sick. They drank wine or vinegar. Not as we know it today, they had fermented juices and mixed them with water so the small vinegar or alcohol content sanitized the drink. And since a brewery needs lots of water, it usually had a big stone pipe rather than thin low-flow lead pipes. True, the Romans did ingest their share of lead but their life expectation was way too low to have a serious impact anyway. The Romans had no meters so they had no way of punishing wasting water. Instead they had separate plumbiing systems fed by cisterns of different priority. When there was not enough water entering the system, first the middle-class citizen cistern ran dry, next the cistern for the rich people and finally the cistern for public baths. The last thing that runs dry are public fountains. Poor people didn't had their own water supply and had to get water from the fountains all the time. |
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