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Post by ironhold on Sept 27, 2013 2:14:57 GMT
The official stance of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (re: "The Mormons") on the matter can be summed up as "Science is for the classroom, and religion is for the church. It's a happy day if the two agree on something, but if they don't then it means that humanity still has more to learn about the topic in question."
I've honestly not heard too much from the church leadership either way about the Big Bang, and so it may well be a non-issue as far as they're concerned.
As you can imagine, in that light I regard a lot of the present "holy war" over Creationism vs. Evolution to be more of a nuisance than anything else as it's keeping both sides too distracted to get much work done either way.
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Post by silverdragon on Sept 27, 2013 8:04:22 GMT
The start of the universe.... As I have always argued, we were not the first. Or the last.
I suspect that in the infinity, there is more than one universe, many will be older than ours, but as the time event horizon has not spread out that far, we cannot see or interact with other universes...
I also suspect when we CAN see and interact, minds will explode, as some people try to understand the plethora of new data we get from that.
How did ours start... Unless you were there, I doubt you will know. Perhaps at some point we will witness the beginning of a new universe. When that happens, I think we may learn a lot.
But at the moment, we have more chance of finding out the conversation between Jesus Christ and his Dad when he told him that he would not be a carpenter.....
Again, unless you were actually there, you wont know the full truth. And if you did, how would you explain it to others?...
One big question... We are part of a spiral galaxy known as the Milky Way. How many arms are on that spiral?... Nobody Knows. Because we just cant get far enough away to count those arms.
I have more questions than answers.
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Post by privatepaddy on Sept 27, 2013 14:07:29 GMT
The start of the universe.... As I have always argued, we were not the first. Or the last. You may argue this point, but there is no quantifiable actual finite evidence of any other space time existing or for that matter in any other form. Caution; There was a time where one man built not only the probable location but the complete history of Atlantus, he died convinced he was correct. The day after the FA cup final The third page has "scientist have discovered a co existing Universe" while the nation lies stunned.............. that "Spurs" actually won for microns of a second
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Post by privatepaddy on Sept 28, 2013 3:20:01 GMT
Re Milky way spiral arms, current thinking is four. Infra red evidence (Spitzer NASA IRST) suggests the milky way has a Barrel type nebula at its centre which contains a super massive BH.
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Post by silverdragon on Sept 29, 2013 13:04:30 GMT
Voyager One has JUST left the solar system.... Until it can get somewhere it can look back, we wont know.
My idea of the infinite is built up on probability. My guess is that we are still thinking much too small.
Stop thinking Universe, and start thinking outside that bubble.
Time may not exist as we know it, but there is still time. Time is only how we measure events. Time can not be manipulated. The events can, but time?... no.
I reserve the right to come back in the future and alter my beliefs... when we as Humans know better. Until then, all I can say is we have much to learn. The moment we are proved right, is just a point on a series of events that leads to a better understanding....
And as for leaving it to philosophers, sod that, why let them have all the fun?...
We can speculate... Because that is all we have. Until we have answers, what else do we have?...
Proof states that as soon as we think we have seen the very edge of our own universe, someone invents a better telescope.....
I still dont think we are looking far enough away. Think bigger.
And speculate...
Because, what we DO know, is that we just dont know.... And that, my friends, is where science begins....?....
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Post by privatepaddy on Sept 29, 2013 13:30:14 GMT
Voyager One has JUST left the solar system.... Until it can get somewhere it can look back, we wont know. My idea of the infinite is built up on probability. My guess is that we are still thinking much too small. Stop thinking Universe, and start thinking outside that bubble. Time may not exist as we know it, but there is still time. Time is only how we measure events. Time can not be manipulated. The events can, but time?... no. I reserve the right to come back in the future and alter my beliefs... when we as Humans know better. Until then, all I can say is we have much to learn. The moment we are proved right, is just a point on a series of events that leads to a better understanding.... And as for leaving it to philosophers, sod that, why let them have all the fun?... We can speculate... Because that is all we have. Until we have answers, what else do we have?... Proof states that as soon as we think we have seen the very edge of our own universe, someone invents a better telescope..... I still dont think we are looking far enough away. Think bigger. And speculate... Because, what we DO know, is that we just dont know.... And that, my friends, is where science begins....?.... You will note that at no point do I infer that you are wrong, I just remind you that in speculation there must be some form of evidence to support it, in truth we can believe what we like and it matters not a tinkers dam. Science begins with a hypothesis, then a way to test that hypothesis, then the experiment which reveals what is the final result, the speculation lives or dies on the results. To think outside the bubble you must prove first there is a bubble, that is of course the big bang, sudden expansion of the universe. If a scientist says to me that the CMBR is 13.5 billion ly away in no matter what direction I look that's fine, if another tells me that the furtherest galaxy we are ever going to see is 20 odd billion ly away that's not so good and another tells me If we could only peak past the CMBR we could see creation itself I have a problem. For me to look in every direction and see the CMBR to my way of thinking places me inside, where it happened. To confirm this I attend lectures most days of the week. In philosophy so my ethics lecturer told me, there are no wrong answers
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Post by silverdragon on Sept 29, 2013 14:01:20 GMT
Which is why I spatter my thoughts on the subject with phrases such as "My thinking is", "My Idea", "I believe", and "speculation"...
I know I may be far from right... I EXPECT to have to correct my own beliefs from time to time. Its just I HAVE to disprove a "Finite" space theory that is starting to irk me every time someone tries to put it forward.... and not referring to anyone on here with that.. we are more open minded, and more adaptive than that.
But I URGE speculation..... Proof, Evidence, what are they?... They are finite answers. And there is the problem. If I can be proved wrong, I absolutely definitely encourage that.... Just dont stop there. For anyone to go all "Lets throw a party because we have proved the Dragon wrong" would be, in its self, futile, wrong on so many levels, and just plain anti-science.... We must speculate without any form of limitation, other than the actual limitations of what we suspect we know..... And we must be prepared to be wrong. By speculation, we start Curiosity... And curiosity starts the process of science.
Speculation is therefore the best greatest and utmost tool that we can use right now... to speculate what we may find out, then we set off to go see if we are going in the right direction.
Heck, the Higgs field was pure speculation a few years ago.
Who knew?
What next?
Take me to the very edge of the universe, give me a wall to knock on, and you know whats coming next... I am just going to ask "Whats on the other side"............
Thats the basis behind all my beliefs. I look at the very laws of science, the very limits, the "walls"... and ask, whats on the other side.
Which is why I am trying to get people to think there is NO bubble..... I dont believe we have a real bubble to start with. But you have to get some people to look in the right direction, because they can only think inside the bubble, because they believe there MUST be a bubble... even though there is no actual proof of a bubble in the first place.
Take a simple explosion on the MB's bomb range... say the Cement Mixer... just as a reference point for a Big Bang... It threw debris quite a distance in a very short length of time. Just the same as THE Big Bang.
By the thinking used by those that try to explain the universe, the furthest debris from that explosion mark the very edge of space.....
Erm....
Hello?...
This is the "Take me to the edge of space" moment I was talking about, and a very GRAPHIC demonstration of my way of thinking... Go there, and take one step further... Where is that wall now?...
This is my thinking.
What existed before the big bang.
For those that say "Nothing", I ask, what is YOUR evidence?.... As you have no evidence, you cannot therefore prove that MY theory that something did exist before then is untrue....
And I MUST, for pure science sake, stand there and argue that point....
Because a very specific point has been put up as "The truth" that nothing DID exist before the big bang....
And I dont believe that.
What is the evidence?...
I say that that theory is no more speculation than what I bring to the table, so, lets move on, and see what else we can find.....
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Post by privatepaddy on Sept 29, 2013 14:21:35 GMT
Which is why I spatter my thoughts on the subject with phrases such as "My thinking is", "My Idea", "I believe", and "speculation"... I know I may be far from right... I EXPECT to have to correct my own beliefs from time to time. Its just I HAVE to disprove a "Finite" space theory that is starting to irk me every time someone tries to put it forward.... and not referring to anyone on here with that.. we are more open minded, and more adaptive than that. edit Why must space be non finite edit If I held a party every time I was wrong I'd never be sober long enough to attend uni while proof and evidence precludes fairies in the back garden edit No matter what we may think Science starts with observation, the question "why" then the speculation, Hypothesis, derive and perform the experiment then form conclusions based on the evidence To paraphrase Carl Sagan we should not be afraid to speculate but must keep that speculation within the bounds of fact. Edit The only way you can get to the boundary of the universe is in your head and again why must there be something on the other side? edit the debate comes full circle to what people believe to be proof. How do you explain CMBR and red shift? if we return to the op and say the universe is gaining weight, why then does the 1 kg mass In Paris vary with the other standard masses? should they not all gain weight equally? and we be non the wiser? Edit Sir Edmund Hoyle referred to the sudden expansion of the universe as some "Big Bang" which stuck. The theory IIRC states that there was nothing that is no space time, then there was a what is comfortably referred to as a proto? singularity which expanded to form our space time Edit it was well after midnight my time when I wrote my original reply, you appear to be saying "why not"? while I am truncating your responses to "why"?. You also seam to be mixing me up with someone from the old forum,, for mine you can believe what you like. End edit Not intending to insult but I cannot answer a chapter with a few lines. Our universe is all the space time we know exists. Where did it come from? for pure science sake you should put forward a Hypotheses and your method to prove it, should you not? ?? The higgs boson are you sure they found it? or did they just create something at the energy level of two accelerated particles smashing into each other? As for proof and evidence what are they? as in the universe and everything I'll let you know when I do.
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Post by silverdragon on Sept 30, 2013 8:01:49 GMT
CMBR... What is that an anagram of?... , I think I may have forgotten....
Bi-Metallic strips bend with temp. Any set of scales that has more than one material in its makeup is therefore subject to the same.... On that hypothesis, is any set of scales truly accurate at all temps. Answer, no. I suggest that the scales themselves are not 100% accurate....
Also, the moon. (And other nearby solar objects...) The moon is in an oblique orbit, as in not a perfect circle...(Some say the earth may be as well, which is why we get global warming?...) In that it (The moon,) gets closer to the earth...(the same as other plnetary objects) When it is closer, the combined mass and gravitational forces of the earth-moon shifts, closer, more mass, further apart, less mass, and gravity to suit. Therefore gravity alters. Therefore, it would be the same as moving those scales up and down a mountain.... The mass stays the same, the way its measured alters, and its weight due to gravity alters. Gravity is not stable. We have this miss-conception that gravity is a finite here on earth. It is not.... It alters day to day... maybe by only a little, but it is almost fluid in its movements.
None taken, and I hope non given.... Moving Forward, if we can bang heads with no injury on this, as in argue with no intent for insult and injury, go ahead, give it your best shot and give me something to change the way I think..... It is welcome.
My thoughts beliefs and ideas are totally fluid, there is no wrong or right, there is just progress.
The idea that there is no finite is solid until someone can give solid evidence that there is a finite end to the space time, one end or the other. I argue for a total infinite to balance those(not you) who would argue that there is a finite.... Just to show them the futility of their argument.... Because as I can not show evidence for infinity, they can not show evidence for finite....
Red Shift. I think I understand this reference, correct me as appropriate. Red shift as light approaches the boundaries of our own know universe, it is "bent", giving a red shift. Light has mass... yes?... The argument I favour for this is the combined "weight" of the total mass of our universe may be enough to bend light....
If you shine light around a huge mass such as a planet, it bends slightly, if you shine it around a black hole, you could bend it all the way back on its self, therefore, the known universe may have the same effect.....
This is not the ]reflective(refractive?)] Index of a boundary such as a pane of glass at the edge of the universe, its just the combined weight of the universe biting back.
I argue to provoke thought.... If anyone else wants to join in, go ahead, PrivatePaddy, I am enjoying the discussion.
There be more things in heaven and earth than we can know about.... With a little help from Shakespeare there, but simply, many years back, Gravity was a myth... (The earth just sucked)... anyway, we still managed to exist before we understood gravity. I suggest we still DONT know everything.
I certainly dont....
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Post by privatepaddy on Sept 30, 2013 9:25:49 GMT
CMBR... What is that an anagram of?... , I think I may have forgotten.... Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation I worked with scales for over ten years I do not know of a scale that uses bi-metal strips, commonly scales incorporate a load cell. Most common of those in the area we refer to are sheer beam load cells. They are made from a machined rectangular block of material mostly aluminium depending on the environment that they are to be used in. Normally they incorporate four strain gauges arranged in a wein bridge configuration. Yes they do tend to drift with temperature but the strain gauges can be made to compensate over the operating range of the scale. I am assuming that the standard test masses are allowed to cool to the same standard room temperature before any attempt at calibration is made. Also, the moon. (And other nearby solar objects...) The moon is in an oblique orbit, as in not a perfect circle...(Some say the earth may be as well, which is why we get global warming?...) In that it (The moon,) gets closer to the earth...(the same as other plnetary objects) When it is closer, the combined mass and gravitational forces of the earth-moon shifts, closer, more mass, further apart, less mass, and gravity to suit. Therefore gravity alters. Therefore, it would be the same as moving those scales up and down a mountain.... The mass stays the same, the way its measured alters, and its weight due to gravity alters.[/quote] Yes mass does not change, when you get your 1 kg of prime British beef you are in fact buying 98 newtons, weight is the mass x gravity. While I don't think your analogy of moving scales up/down a mountain is correct it does not make a difference when all the objects that should weigh the same are in fact different under exactly the same conditions. This is unknown to me, gravity can vary from location to location by small but measurable amounts but to my knowledge does not vary at a single location. My tuition fees are modest a dram or two When Einstein formulated General Relativity he found that the universe should be expanding so he added a universal constant to counter this expansion believing that we lived in a static universe it did not fit the evidence that being Hubble's work with galaxies. For something to be expanding infers that at some time in the past everything was closer and before that in the same place at the same time does it not? Doppler effect, Red shift is the the electromagnetic radiation wave stretched, it happens when light does work against gravity or when light is travelling through space time that is expanding. CMBR is the result of space being expanded from the time of the "Big Bang", it used to be of a extremely high frequency. No it has IIRC momentum but no "rest mass" It has energy and by the equivalence principle can be converted to mass. Gravitational lensing happens but refractive index normally refers to light travelling from one medium to another Vacuum, air, glass or water . I thought you might
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Post by silverdragon on Oct 1, 2013 6:34:45 GMT
neither do I. The scales are a composite of more than one material. Therefore, that will act the same way... I think you may have misunderstood that point?..
Then how can gravity affect light.
If light has no mass, when it passes a huge gravitational object, just what is altering its course?..
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Post by privatepaddy on Oct 1, 2013 7:44:43 GMT
neither do I. The scales are a composite of more than one material. Therefore, that will act the same way... I think you may have misunderstood that point?.. One of the scale companies I worked for was trying to get NATA (National Association of Testing Authorities, Australia) certification and I was to be their NATA certified tech. It didn't happen the requirements ended up being financially beyond them. A NATA Lab would be along the lines of what happens in Paris with the Standard masses any test would take place in a environment of constant temperature 24 degC (?) plus or minus x degc for the resultant error to be within a permissible band. It would be a dust free environment at a relative humidity that balances the various requirements. The scale itself would be turned on and its temperature allowed to stabilise to eliminate drift due to temperature. Each secondary standard mass would then be compared to the master standard mass. The load cell if it is that type of scale is not a composite material it is made of a specific material in the normal world Aluminium or stainless steel. The strain gauges are manufactured with similar coefficients of expansion. Any electronics instrumentation would be similarly compensated. Since the system is at a stable temperature it is hard to see where any sources of error would come from. Newton defined gravity as a force but had no idea what that force was, Einstein with General Relativity defined space time, large bodies warp the space around them they curve it so that when light enters it sees the curve as a straight line and curves with it. Gravity is still not defined just its effects.
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Post by silverdragon on Oct 1, 2013 8:10:53 GMT
From your own specs on the room, 24decC with a plus and minus... From the material its self. From your own body heat. I have a background in HVAC, I know the problems of keeping a constant temperature in a room... You just cant, unless its a sealed system, and then you have the problem of oxygen levels, you need a flow of fresh air. One of my discoveries was I could actually use the room temp sensors to notify me when room was being occupied... When humans enter a room that is at slightly below body temp, if you have a sensitive enough sensor, you get a spike in temp. Then by your own evidence, the light must have some form of substance... and substance equates to some form of mass. The amount is only slight, therefore you need a HUGE gravitational mass to affect the light, and then only by mico-degree's over huge distances. Yes we are still exploring the properties of light... However, if you just for a moment take the idea that light has got a mass, and look again at its properties, it does explain why it does what it does. Plus the fact that someone somewhere got a very accurate set of scales and subjected them to a burst of strong light, and got a reading..... well, more of a fluctuation that could be taken as a reading.... Again, this is the very edge of exploring what we think we know. This is the kind of exploration that revealed the Higgs Boson field at Cern.... This from the first reliable result of "Does light have a mass" on gogle search.... www.desy.de/user/projects/Physics/Relativity/SR/light_mass.htmlSo the argument is no and yes. This from that site who is trying hard to say no it doesnt, and not quite managing it?... Therefore, even the strongest argument I can find from the "NO" camp cant actually sat that photons of light have no mass. If it is a photon, it is a physical object, and therefore, as gravity affects it, it has mass..... Forget all the fancy maths, I am just trying to simplify things here. The problem is that its spread about so thinly, if you tried to get enough of it together in one place, the energy involved would be problematical. As in, I dont think we have enough to contain enough. Gravity, sometimes a cigar is just a cigar... If we look at the findings that all matter is somehow connected, and this again is something Brian Cox is more able to explain in a better way than I can, but if all matter is somehow connected in a way that there is some sort of almost magnetic type force that attracts other matter, then we can go with the idea that gravity is a force that attracts.... This again explains Light. If matter attracts matter, then photons are some form of matter, and are affected, therefore, they affect the gravitational field, therefore they MUST have mass.... I think its just that they cant get enough light together in one place to measure properly because, as the top of this post explains, we just dont have an accurate enough set of scales. And why cant I argue the very basics of what we know... There is the problem. I can. You dont need university degree;s to ask the question "Why".
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Post by silverdragon on Oct 1, 2013 8:16:23 GMT
Edit.... I cant find any way of doing this, so, though experiment... .... get a STRONG source of light, and shine it past a huge gravitational object....
Just as the object pulls on the light, surely the light must pull on the object. Therefore, thought experimentally wise, would the object move?...
I theorise that yes it must move......
Maybe only very slightly.
Second edit... small scale proof of concept.... Take a large magnet and float it on something on a bed of water. Shoot smaller magnets past that object at high speed.
I have a large ring magnet, a pond, now all I need is some form of firing device and some smaller magnets?...
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Post by privatepaddy on Oct 1, 2013 10:21:39 GMT
From your own specs on the room, 24decC with a plus and minus... From the material its self. From your own body heat. I have a background in HVAC, I know The expansion coefficient of aluminium (worst case of the materials mentioned) is 22.2 x 10^-6 m/m . deg K This means for every degC the aluminium of the load cell increases its length by 22,2 micro meters/m in length, LC of the size required are possibly as small as 50-75mm. Or ~ 0.000296 m. The strain gauge sensors will also expand at a similar rate IIRC. Without the load cells specks, and the scales sensitivity its hard to say just how much error will be caused by the load cell temp rising if indeed it does rise. I could at this point speculate that the scale and the weights are in a sealed room and an operator works through thermally insulated gloves from the outside Light is defined as electromagnetic radiation it has energy, this energy is proportional to its frequency inversely proportional to its wavelength. As stated before through the equivalence principle energy is converted to mass E=mc^2 If we are then I am unaware as to the research going on I don't see a problem with the light energy model, nor do I have a problem with matter warping space. With reference to the Higgs field caused by the Higgs Boson, and since the standard model requires a higgs field to give give particles the property of mass. There is no evidence that EM radiation has a Higgs field ergo no mass. Really Light is energy the effect it has is to heat things First line to the direct question says definitely no. depends on what you want to believe At the moment I am going to leave this alone because I feel I have explained my position previously I would rather explain it as matter warping space Ok accepting this is mostly speculation on my part, think about this possible explanation. If light has energy but no higgs field it cannot become matter (standard model) if it does come in contact with matter which does have a higgs field it can become matter converting its energy into momentum ergo force.
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Post by Cybermortis on Oct 1, 2013 14:15:56 GMT
Apparently not - this should answer your questions; www.weburbia.com/physics/light_mass.htmlTheorising here; The Earth's mantle is semi-liquid rock, which has eddies and currents. Those currents would bring 'bands' of material with different densities/temperatures to different points of the crust over time. Since gravity is an effect of mass this would, in theory, result in minor variations in gravity at an individual location over time as the underlying mass changes. That at least is what I'd speculate *might* happen. No idea if that is correct, even if the science seems logical to me. That is open to debate. It seems that the story of Atlantis - at least as we know it from the Greeks - was most likely drawing on much older stories. And in itself was more propaganda than fact. The descriptions given for Atlantis read more like an idealistic (and futuristic) version of Athens - where the story we have came from. In some respects Atlantis was the Greek version of Sodom and Gomorrah in the Bible - a warning about where moral corruption* can lead societies. That their may have been real place/culture that became Atlantis is possible, although knowing the ways stories can be warped chances are that it was not called 'Atlantis' (if only because it seems rather unlikely that only the Greeks would have known of it). And that it was probably a mixture of more than one place or event. The location is also open for debate, as the location was given as 'past the pillars of Hercules'. Although we can translate this as 'past Gibraltar', unhelpfully the directions don't seem to have indicated if that was East or West of the straights of Gibraltar. (*Of course 'moral corruption' just happens to coincide with the morals of whoever happened to be recounting the story.)
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Post by privatepaddy on Oct 1, 2013 15:00:21 GMT
Apparently not - this should answer your questions; www.weburbia.com/physics/light_mass.htmlTheorising here; The Earth's mantle is semi-liquid rock, which has eddies and currents. Those currents would bring 'bands' of material with different densities/temperatures to different points of the crust over time. Since gravity is an effect of mass this would, in theory, result in minor variations in gravity at an individual location over time as the underlying mass changes. That at least is what I'd speculate *might* happen. No idea if that is correct, even if the science seems logical to me. That is open to debate. It seems that the story of Atlantis - at least as we know it from the Greeks - was most likely drawing on much older stories. And in itself was more propaganda than fact. The descriptions given for Atlantis read more like an idealistic (and futuristic) version of Athens - where the story we have came from. In some respects Atlantis was the Greek version of Sodom and Gomorrah in the Bible - a warning about where moral corruption* can lead societies. That their may have been real place/culture that became Atlantis is possible, although knowing the ways stories can be warped chances are that it was not called 'Atlantis' (if only because it seems rather unlikely that only the Greeks would have known of it). And that it was probably a mixture of more than one place or event. The location is also open for debate, as the location was given as 'past the pillars of Hercules'. Although we can translate this as 'past Gibraltar', unhelpfully the directions don't seem to have indicated if that was East or West of the straights of Gibraltar. (*Of course 'moral corruption' just happens to coincide with the morals of whoever happened to be recounting the story.) After quickly going through the article it appears the Higgs field is not mentioned, according to what I have read about the standard model, it is required to give energy the property known as mass. With reference to the fluidity of G due to the earth's core please quantify the changes in G? Re Atlantis, Lewis Spence was the Authors name, there was a wiki article from memory it did not treat him kindly. Historically as I recall one Greek Philosopher/story teller Aristotle? retold a story told to him by the Egyptians who got it from....... some time in the preceding 10 thousand years(?) My point was about Lewis Spence, I suggest you read some of his works My Aunt bought me a copy of "The History of Atlantis" paper back edition 1973. It includes chapters on Religion, culture, races, geography and its traditions. I keep the book as a keepsake.
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Post by the light works on Oct 1, 2013 15:48:59 GMT
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Post by privatepaddy on Oct 2, 2013 1:21:03 GMT
I believe there is already a topic on the light sabre Loki said Okay, maybe it's not as far fetched as I always thought... boston.cbslocal.com/2013/09/26/harvard-mit-scientists-create-real-lightsaber/ Read more: citadelofmyths.freeforums.net/thread/757/real-light-saber#ixzz2gWUP0kM0I believe a key statement is "may one day", they also do not identify the method used. Up to date light is only affected by the interaction with real matter or gravity.
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Post by privatepaddy on Oct 3, 2013 4:59:59 GMT
Re the test masses and apparent weight change, apparently it can be put down to accretion of mercury and carbon from pollution, not some mystery as my maths lecturer proposed. Cyber said "Theorising here; The Earth's mantle is semi-liquid rock, which has eddies and currents. Those currents would bring 'bands' of material with different densities/temperatures to different points of the crust over time. Since gravity is an effect of mass this would, in theory, result in minor variations in gravity at an individual location over time as the underlying mass changes. That at least is what I'd speculate *might* happen. No idea if that is correct, even if the science seems logical to me." Read more: citadelofmyths.freeforums.net/post/new/748#ixzz2gdBindQOI tried to find an old forum discussion Email from a person well versed in the mechanics of the Earth's mantle and the viscosity of the magma. The subject was GW and the curious fact that south sea islands were suffering rising sea levels faster than Australia. I put forward that since the Pacific plate had no major land masses and was thinner, that the water from glacial melts was forcing that plate down. He said it was unlikely because of the viscosity of the magma was so sluggish (my term) that Europe was still "rebounding" from the period of the last Ice age. To take things back to the topic The article op links red shift to mass. The absorption emission lines of different elements are dependant on their electron energy levels. I am in the first year so perhaps the mass thing has either slipped my attention or it is on the way.
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